de Angulo KPFA recordings

The following list compares de Angulo's pronunciations in 1948 with my pronunciations of the same words in 2021, reading my 1970-1974 transcriptions.

The effect of his native languages on his pronunciation of English is a fair indicator of its effect on his pronunciation of Achumawi. Additional notes here.

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de Angulo	Nevin	Notes
yas		Weasel
timáthe		Pine Marten
c̓ikittaaw̓álu		Doctor
úúm̓aati álisti wáté		Sleeping by stones
úúm̓aati acúmma wáté		Sleeping by river
at waah̓uumí		Tule runner. Pace de Angulo, wind has the identical h̓u root, -m thither, no length difference, just context. After the iterative/intensive n- the same root refers to spiritual power (íníh̓uumí seeking power tíníh̓h̓úúwit sacred place).
kʰéstam yuwí		It's the end, it's enough. kʰéstam yuwá he wills it be enough (volitional -a)
amlóóq̓a		Sandals (amnóq̓ fur-lined winter shoes, amnáq̓ca child's shoes)
qʰiláál̓a		Shoes
amál ilááci		Flower-gathering. Contrast ámal̓ marmot, groundhog.
h̓iiw̓á		Tapeworm (ámuq̓ = maggot)
c̓usp̓útcan túnnóo		Come, clod! (tic̓usp̓úúti pluck up, uproot, c̓u lift)
k̓íncéép̓ááh̓aswácí		You should keep your eyes shut (polite imperative; with rising intonation = question)
*k̓ínceep̓áaswácí		(Ditto, with missing syllable.)
*tíímaacátok		Look down hither, except that -k hither cannot follow the imperative -a and thither = -m. Folsom said tíímaatánóm look down yonder)
t̓aak̓ilmási		Bigfoot
áákááci tucóo tʰóllím		Do living a long time (ís tikáácóo live!. ís k̓áákáácí you should live). The ka root is used for herding animals and for the forced march to Round Valley in 1852, hence "collective activity".
siwáásá sééni c̓immu		I sang I came home a wolf. The song would have to be extremely elliptical: "I sang. I came back. Wolf." De Angulo glosses this "I dreamt I was a wolf", which may indeed have been what (presumably) Sukmit said, but that would be sáwaasáqcami c̓immu tííy̓i, or, better, iwaasáqcamíʼkam sééni c̓immu dreaming [agentive] I came home wolf. However, in the APS ms. the song text is álwi issi séémáálíní wíníh̓h̓úúmí ka c̓immu "Seeking power in midsummer I (accidentally) hit a wolf." In the grammar, he changes the word order: wíníh̓h̓úúmí 'ka séémáálíní c̓immu. Lela Rhoades thought it better to say álwi issi wáníh̓uumí ka séémáálíní qá c̓immu, but many things can be shifted to suit the tune of a song. Compare slʼéémal I'll accidentally hit it (with a stick), y̓áámáálí he hit it (purposely).
c̓immu		Wolf. (De Angulo produces a fronted ts rather than tš. This seems to be a spelling pronunciation, reading his orthography instead of remembering.)
tálmóóma		Dalmoma. A place near Alturas where flat tules grow. Harvey Griffith, Craven Gibson, and Johnny Craig all pronounced it without glottalization.
astaaqííwa		Canby Hot Springs. Rather than a voiced fricative, it sounds like a uvular flap in de Angulo's speech, analogous to a Parisian r, whence Kniffen's unfortunate 'Astariwawi' from astaaqííwawí.
astaq		Hot
tináluutáámi yályú		A 'charge-ahead' man (lu pull, as though pulled, ta move linearly, in a direction).
pahhá		Epos root
cy̓ééwa masúúlaʼáy kúcí		How might you be happy? (cʰú málílláq̓ti kú how might you like it)
mhnííy̓istúyá		I'll fix it for you.
pi, táluuh̓áw̓cóo		Here! Tighten your belt! (Tighten or perh. 'put on' this belt would be táluuh̓áw̓cóo qá pi qá luuh̓ááw̓é.) The first part of three for this recording. pi "this", but "here!" when handing something. The text he is reading is as follows: pi, táluuh̓áw̓cóo má ánca k̓upteelí má ánca k̓ooh̓uukántiwí.
má ánca k̓upteelí		… then you should take it with you Part two of three for this recording. Má ánca "and then, but then, because then", etc. The text he is reading is as follows: pi, táluuh̓áw̓cóo má ánca k̓upteelí má ánca k̓ooh̓uukántiwí.
má ánca k̓ooh̓uukántiwí		… then you should run around. Last part of three. pi, táluuh̓áw̓cóo má ánca k̓upteelí má ánca k̓ooh̓uukántiwí
tóólol qa tííq̓aati		All the land, all the earth (should be tóóloll̓a all over, all around)
wáhhac túnnóo		Bread, come! The story has wáhhac túlúltánók bread, roll down hither! with lúl roll.
túnnóo tánumí		Come! Down yonder. (Tánumí is not a free-standing adverb, it is a directional suffix which cannot follow the imperative ending. The u in tánumí and tánukí gets reduced to falling pitch on a lengthened n, and the final vowel does not always come all the way back up. Compare this with the next.)
wáhhac túnnóo tánmí		Come! down yonder. (De Angulo seems to have lost the falling pitch here.)
álisti túnnóo		Rocks, come! (De Angulo changed the story to make Coyote forget the right word to sing; Coyote sang for bread but got rocks because he ate it up there instead of bringing it home to share.)
assa túnnóo		Sugar-pine nuts, come!
kʰéstam suwí		He means to say kʰéstam suwá (volitional) I will it enough! Grammar p. 85b says kʰéstam suwí is wrong, and I agree; it tries to mean I am enough, I am ended, but that would require kʰéstam tsiy̓í rather than the uw copula.
q̓ac̓yáté		Smoothing-stone place (village in canyon near Pit 1 power station). These hard 'sanding stones' were made tools for smoothing things.
tííq̓aati wánááwamá as uup̓uul̓í wáté		The text: tííq̓aati wánááwamá, as aawátca uup̓uul̓í wáté earth went away, only water in flood
aapóónáha		Aapóónáha coccoon-man, aapóóná coccoon. Sometimes aapóónákáha coccoon man, perhaps a more formal or older form, or the unexplained há may be an otherwise unattested enclitic. The ká looks like the agentive, but aapóónákáha occurs in non-agentive uses.
tal̓íllámci winááwama		Dawn went away (this is not in the text)
yáácíísukí		Not in text or grammar. wínc̓umáh̓á it's dark. Possibly yáácéésukí: cé visible, seeing su sense, feel -k hither.
h̓ákista-paláqmím		H̓ákista during a long period of time (this word occurs only in de Angulo's grammar) páláqmim long ago
túnníímaci h̓ay̓ tucci la		Manifest, cause it to come by thinking. He needs the 'causative' maci (aux. verb, irrealis m-, that it might do).
pʰííw̓a túnnóo		He says pʰi tʰúnnóo. pi this, pʰííw̓a here, pi "here!" only when you hand something.
malússil malússi pʰitúwwi		A hundred years (ten times ten). Best with the -l ending: malússil "ten times; tenth".
íníq̓q̓atil		Small knife, concealed; pocket knife. This word is not in any of de Angulo's materials or Olmsted's. Íníq̓q̓atil is a powerful Tom Thumb character in Bill Halsey's stories told to Merriam and to Harrington. De Angulo appears to be tapping a bit of Merriam's publication An-Nik-A-Del, with considerable license.
aliyám̓		Frog
kwán		silver-gray fox
céémul		coyote
tísuntʰótkééméʼ tkiy̓í		tísuntʰótke be mindful, competent; needs the -áméʼ ending to make it negative.
tím c̓é smóóci kúcí	cy̓ééwa, c̓éy̓é smóóci kúci	Folsom's story, sentence 3: cy̓ééwa, c̓éy̓é smóóci kúci in what way, what might I do?
allu suwí		I'm hungry